There is currently no evidence that the use of finasteride or dutasteride will impact on the utility of the Prostate CAncer gene 3 (PCA3) Score to aid in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. This is also not expected. Finasteride and dutasteride act by inhibiting 5a-reductase, the enzyme that converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone. This leads to a reduction in prostate size, and also the serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) level since the PSA level is dependent on the prostate size. The PCA3 Score, contrary to PSA, is not affected by the prostate size. It is therefore unlikely that the PCA3 Score will be affected by the use of finasteride or dutasteride in the absence of prostate cancer. However, this should be further evaluated. In addition, given that PCA3 is specifically over-expressed by prostate cancer, any impact these therapies might have on prostate cancer cells may potentially impact the PCA3 Score.