The Prostate CAncer gene 3 (PCA3) test is a test to help decide whether a biopsy is really needed in men suspected of having prostate cancer, e.g. men with a suspicious digital rectal examination (DRE) or a prostate specific antigen (PSA) level of 2.5-10 ng/mL [see also http://www.pca3.org/public/about-pca3en ]. An elevated PSA level may be caused by several factors including prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer. PCA3, is unlike PSA, prostate cancer specific. This means that it is only produced by prostate cancer cells and not influenced by prostate size or other conditions affecting the prostate such as prostatitis [see also http://www.pca3.org/public/about-pca3en ]. The PCA3 test may thus provide additional information on whether a biopsy is needed, including in men previously treated for prostatitis. A high PCA3 Score indicates a high probability of prostate cancer in the biopsy, whereas a low PCA3 Score indicates a low probability of prostate cancer in the biopsy.